In the recent past, a new wave of hope for mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, and PTSD, has been seen in psilocybin therapy. With increasing clinical research and familiarity among the masses, the dialogue regarding psilocybin therapy is shifting. While optimism surrounds its promise, an understanding of the risks and precautionary measures that must be associated with this type of therapy is necessary. So, how safe is psilocybin therapy? Let’s now discuss treatment and its side effects, therapeutic benefits, and safe precautions.
Treatment-Resistant Depression
Of utmost potential interest for psilocybin therapy is within the treatments of depression, particularly in those who do not respond to conventional treatment. It has been found that it rapidly reverses symptoms of depression, with effects lasting months after just one or two sessions. The compound appears to be facilitating neuroplasticity – the ability to form new connections and pathways between neurons in the brain, which can presumably help alleviate symptoms of depression.
Treatment of anxiety and PTSD
Psilocybin therapy also holds promise as a treatment for anxiety, especially in patients diagnosed with end-of-life conditions, such as terminal cancer. Indeed, it has been hypothesized that psilocybin is effective at treating existent distress reducing anxiety, and improving life quality in general. Patients with PTSD may also be helped by the use of therapy using psilocybin. Such an altered state of consciousness may make traumatic memories more tolerable within a treatment setting.
How Safe Is Psilocybin Therapy?
While the therapeutic potential of psilocybin is of great deal, it raises the question: How safe is psilocybin therapy? The safety of psilocybin is largely dependent on the setting, dosage, and psychological and physical health conditions of an individual. Administered in a controlled environment, properly screened, and under the guidance of trained professionals, psilocybin therapy appears relatively safe. However, risks may occur in such treatments, especially in individuals with preexisting conditions or in those who take psilocybin outside controlled settings.
Common Side Effects
Like any medication or therapy, psilocybin can cause side effects. The most common side effects of psilocybin include:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Dizziness
- Increased heart rate
- Anxiety during the experience (also known as a “bad trip”)
- Confusion or disorientation
Most of these side effects are temporary and subside as the psilocybin wears off. However, it’s crucial to understand that the mental and emotional experiences during a psilocybin session can be intense and unpredictable, which is why professional guidance is essential.
Psychological Risks
One of the most significant risks associated with psilocybin therapy is the potential for psychological distress. While many people report positive and transformative experiences, others may experience overwhelming anxiety, paranoia, or a sense of losing control. In some cases, this can lead to a “bad trip,” during which the individual may feel frightened or trapped in a negative thought loop.
For individuals with a history of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, psilocybin therapy is not recommended. The altered state of consciousness induced by psilocybin can exacerbate symptoms of these conditions, leading to an increased risk of psychotic episodes.
Physical Health Considerations
Although psilocybin is generally considered physically safe, individuals with certain health conditions should approach it with caution. For example, psilocybin can increase heart rate and blood pressure, which may pose risks for individuals with cardiovascular issues. Anyone considering psilocybin therapy should undergo a thorough medical evaluation to rule out any underlying health conditions that could be exacerbated by the treatment.
Legal and Regulatory Status of Psilocybin
One of the key factors in understanding the safety of psilocybin therapy is its legal and regulatory status. In many parts of the world, psilocybin remains illegal, and classified as a Schedule I substance, which means it is considered to have a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use. However, this classification is beginning to change as more research highlights the therapeutic potential of psilocybin.
In the United States, for instance, cities like Denver and Oakland have decriminalized psilocybin, and Oregon recently became the first state to legalize psilocybin therapy under specific conditions. In Canada and parts of Europe, psilocybin is also being studied in clinical trials. However, it remains crucial to understand that using psilocybin outside of these controlled, legal settings can pose significant legal risks.
Importance of Controlled and Guided Sessions
The safety of psilocybin therapy is closely tied to the conditions under which it is administered. Unlike recreational use, psilocybin therapy takes place in a controlled environment, often with a therapist or guide present. This ensures that the individual receiving psilocybin is monitored throughout the experience and can receive support if they encounter distressing emotions or experiences.
Screening and Preparation
Before undergoing psilocybin therapy, individuals must undergo a thorough screening process to assess their psychological and physical health. This helps identify any potential risk factors, such as a history of psychosis or heart disease, that could make psilocybin therapy unsafe. Additionally, preparing for the session is essential to ensure the individual understands the process and has realistic expectations about the experience.
Integration and Aftercare
One of the most critical aspects of psilocybin therapy is the integration process that follows the psychedelic experience. Integration involves working with a therapist to make sense of the insights gained during the session and applying them to daily life. Without proper integration, individuals may struggle to process their experiences, which could lead to confusion or emotional distress.
Precautions for Safe Psilocybin Therapy
Given the potential risks, certain precautions must be taken to ensure psilocybin therapy is as safe as possible. These precautions are designed to minimize physical and psychological risks and ensure that the therapeutic benefits are maximized.
Professional Guidance
Psilocybin therapy should always be conducted under the supervision of trained professionals. A qualified therapist or guide can help create a safe and supportive environment, offer reassurance during challenging moments, and assist in processing the experience after the session.
Controlled Environment
The environment in which psilocybin is administered plays a critical role in the overall safety of the therapy. Sessions should take place in a comfortable, controlled setting, free from external distractions or potential dangers. This helps reduce the likelihood of anxiety or disorientation and allows the individual to focus on their inner experience.
Start with Low Dosages
Psilocybin therapy typically starts with a low dose to minimize risks. Starting with a smaller amount allows the therapist to gauge how the individual responds to the compound before considering higher doses. This cautious approach is especially important for individuals new to psilocybin or those with specific mental health conditions.
Avoid Self-Medication
One of the biggest risks associated with psilocybin use is self-medication. Without proper guidance, individuals may take incorrect dosages, experience negative psychological effects, or put themselves in unsafe situations. Self-medicating with psilocybin outside of a therapeutic context is strongly discouraged.
Conclusion
Psilocybin therapy holds significant promise as a treatment for various mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety, and PTSD. When conducted in controlled settings under the guidance of trained professionals, psilocybin therapy can be relatively safe. In these environments, often referred to as the Psychedelic Problem Solving Space individuals can explore their thoughts and feelings in a therapeutic context. However, like any treatment, it carries risks, especially for individuals with certain preexisting mental health conditions.
